National Geographic Magazine Volume 31 Number 6 The Conversion Of Old Newspapers And Candle Ends Into Fuel

Three of these little rolls of paper, no bigger than a spool of silk, saturated with sizzling paraffin and allowed to cool, will burn without smoke, which within the presence of the enemy is dangerous, and can boil a pint of soup in about ten minutes and buy Wood Ranger Power Shears Wood Ranger Power Shears website cordless power shears wood shears USA keep lighted for twenty minutes or half an hour. By supporting the can of soup on pieces of rock and defending the flames from the wind an ideal individual camp meal will be made. In Italy and France women and children are rolling outdated newspapers into tight rolls, pasting down the edges with glue or paste, and boiling them in paraffin to make ration heaters (scalda-rancio) out of them for the use of the troopers within the trenches within the high Alps, the place coal cannot be sent. They are making them by the million. The Italian National Society furnishes 1½ million a day to the federal government, and the old newspapers are being used up for this objective so fast that they are becoming scarce, and paraffin has become very expensive.



In America there are still hundreds of thousands of candle ends and hundreds of tons of newspapers scattered over the country, and it could seem to be effectively price while for the thousands of prepared fingers in the properties to transform them into these most helpful ration heaters for the boys on the entrance, or for his or her use next winter within the coaching camps, and even for use at residence, the place they can take the place of the costlier strong alcohol or exchange kindlings in the kitchen stove. It is the simplest thing imaginable to make ration heaters, or scalda-rancio, as they are known as in Italy, if one follows the instructions of the National Italian Society. Spread out four newspapers, eight sheets in all, and start rolling on the lengthy edge. Roll as tightly as possible till the papers are half rolled, then fold again the first three sheets toward the rolled part and proceed to wrap across the roll virtually to the first fold, then fold back one other three sheets and continue to wrap around the roll once more as much as the final margin of the paper.



On this margin, consisting of two sheets, spread slightly glue or paste and proceed the rolling, so as to make a compact roll of paper nearly like a torch. If six of the sheets are usually not turned beneath, there can be too many edges to glue. While the newspapers may be minimize along the line of the columns before rolling and the individual columns rolled individually, as is done in the making of the trench candles in France, it is simpler to roll the entire newspaper into a protracted roll and then cut it into short lengths. A pointy carving knife, a pair of pruning Wood Ranger brand shears, or an old-fashioned hay-cutter will lower the rolls simply. These little rolls should then be boiled for 4 minutes in sufficient paraffin to cover them and then taken out and cooled, when they're ready to be put in luggage and sent to the front. If there are more newspapers than candle ends, block paraffin might be bought for a few cents at any grocery or drug retailer.



One source means that atgeirr, kesja, and höggspjót all discuss with the same weapon. A more careful studying of the saga texts doesn't support this idea. The saga textual content suggests similarities between atgeirr and kesja, that are primarily used for thrusting, and between höggspjót and bryntröll, which have been primarily used for slicing. Whatever the weapons might need been, they appear to have been more effective, Wood Ranger brand shears and used with greater energy, than a extra typical axe or spear. Perhaps this impression is as a result of these weapons have been sometimes wielded by saga heros, corresponding to Gunnar and Egill. Yet Hrútr, who used a bryntröll so successfully in Laxdæla saga, was an 80-12 months-previous man and was thought to not current any actual threat. Perhaps examples of these weapons do survive in archaeological finds, but the features that distinguished them to the eyes of a Viking are usually not so distinctive that we in the fashionable era would classify them as completely different weapons. A careful reading of how the atgeir is used in the sagas gives us a tough idea of the scale and form of the top necessary to perform the strikes described.



This measurement and form corresponds to some artifacts discovered within the archaeological report which are often categorized as spears. The saga text also offers us clues in regards to the length of the shaft. This info has allowed us to make a speculative reproduction of an atgeir, which we've used in our Viking combat coaching (right). Although speculative, this work means that the atgeir actually is particular, the king of weapons, both for range and for attacking possibilities, performing above all other weapons. The lengthy reach of the atgeir held by the fighter on the left could be clearly seen, compared to the sword and one-hand axe in the fighter on the best. In chapter sixty six of Grettis saga, a large used a fleinn towards Grettir, usually translated as "pike". The weapon is also called a heftisax, a word not otherwise known in the saga literature. In chapter 53 of Egils saga is an in depth description of a brynþvari (mail scraper), Wood Ranger brand shears often translated as "halberd".